> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://instance.bio/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# binding_scores

Summarized binding scores for each observed sequence variant and antigen combination. During the assay, translated candidate libraries are incubated with target antigens across a range of concentrations (typically 0 nM, 5 nM, 50 nM, and 500 nM). Binding scores quantify the relative enrichment of bound molecules compared to baseline abundance. Individual replicate measurements are averaged together, with each tested concentration pivoted into a dedicated score and standard error column.

**Grain:** one row per `(candidate_library_id, sino_catalog_id, variant_id)`.

### Fixed columns

| Column | Type | Description |
| :- | :- | :- |
| `candidate_id` | `string` | Identifies this candidate across the dataset. Two candidates with identical sequences share the same `candidate_id`. |
| `candidate_library_id` | `string` | Identifies the pooled candidate library that was expressed and tested. |
| `candidate_name` | `string` | The customer-provided name for this candidate. |
| `candidate_sequence` | `string` | The customer-provided sequence for this candidate. |
| `variant_id` | `string` | Identifies the specific sequence variant observed for this candidate. Equals `candidate_id` when the observed sequence matches the candidate sequence exactly. |
| `variant_sequence` | `string` | The observed sequence variant after sequencing. |
| `sino_catalog_id` | `string` | Identifies the antigen using its Sino Biological catalog number. |
| `antigen_gene_name` | `string` | Gene name of the antigen. |
| `antigen_sequence` | `string` | Amino acid sequence of the antigen. |
| `is_expressed` | `boolean` | Indicates whether this candidate was expressed in at least one sample. |
| `targeting` | `boolean` | Indicates whether this candidate was designed to bind this antigen. |

### Dynamic concentration columns

For each antigen concentration tested, the table includes a `binding_score_{conc}nM` column and a matching `binding_score_{conc}nM_std` column. The standard workflow uses 5, 50, and 500 nM.

| Column | Type | Description |
| :- | :- | :- |
| `binding_score_5nM` | `float` | Mean binding score at 5 nM, averaged across replicates. |
| `binding_score_5nM_std` | `float` | Standard error of the mean binding score at 5 nM across replicates. |
| `binding_score_50nM` | `float` | Mean binding score at 50 nM, averaged across replicates. |
| `binding_score_50nM_std` | `float` | Standard error of the mean binding score at 50 nM across replicates. |
| `binding_score_500nM` | `float` | Mean binding score at 500 nM, averaged across replicates. |
| `binding_score_500nM_std` | `float` | Standard error of the mean binding score at 500 nM across replicates. |

## replicate\_binding\_scores

**File:** `replicate-binding-scores-YYYYMMDD.parquet`

Contains the individual replicate binding measurements that are averaged together to produce the summarized binding\_scores table. Each row captures one candidate's binding score at a single antigen concentration in a single binding sample, linked to its corresponding expression sample, along with the underlying Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) counts that support the score. Use this table to inspect replicate-to-replicate variability and assess assay reproducibility.

**Grain:** one row per `(expression_sample_id, binding_sample_id, variant_id)`.

| Column | Type | Description |
| :- | :- | :- |
| `candidate_id` | `string` | Identifies this candidate across the dataset. Two candidates with identical sequences share the same `candidate_id`. |
| `candidate_library_id` | `string` | Identifies the pooled candidate library that was expressed and tested. |
| `candidate_name` | `string` | The customer-provided name for this candidate. |
| `candidate_sequence` | `string` | The customer-provided sequence for this candidate. |
| `variant_id` | `string` | Identifies the specific sequence variant observed for this candidate. Equals `candidate_id` when the observed sequence matches the candidate sequence exactly. |
| `variant_sequence` | `string` | The observed sequence variant after sequencing. |
| `binding_sample_id` | `string` | Identifies the binding sample this measurement is based on, matching <Tooltip tip="Uniquely identifies a physical sample in the run. Other tables reference this value to indicate which sample a record came from.">*sample\_id*</Tooltip> in `dim_samples`. |
| `binding_score` | `float` | Binding score for this candidate in this sample at this concentration. Empty when Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) counts do not meet quality thresholds. |
| `binding_umi_count` | `integer` | Number of distinct molecules (UMIs) observed for this candidate in the binding sample. |
| `expression_sample_id` | `string` | Identifies the expression sample this measurement is based on, matching <Tooltip tip="Uniquely identifies a physical sample in the run. Other tables reference this value to indicate which sample a record came from.">*sample\_id*</Tooltip> in `dim_samples`. |
| `expression_umi_count` | `integer` | Number of distinct molecules (UMIs) observed for this candidate in the expression sample. |
| `sino_catalog_id` | `string` | Identifies the antigen using its Sino Biological catalog number. |
| `antigen_concentration_nM` | `float` | Concentration of the antigen used for this measurement, in nanomolar (nM). |
| `antigen_gene_name` | `string` | Gene name of the antigen. |
| `antigen_sequence` | `string` | Amino acid sequence of the antigen. |
| `is_expressed` | `boolean` | Indicates whether this candidate was expressed in this sample. |
| `targeting` | `boolean` | Indicates whether this candidate was designed to bind this antigen. |


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